NoSQL

NoSQL is a category of database management systems designed to store and process unstructured, semi-structured, or structured data without relying on the traditional relational model. NoSQL databases are optimized for high scalability, flexibility, and performance, making them ideal for handling large-scale applications, real-time data, and distributed systems.

Also known as : Non-relational database

Comparisons

• NoSQL vs. SQL : NoSQL databases offer flexible schemas and horizontal scaling, whereas SQL databases use structured schemas and vertical scaling.

• Document vs. Key-Value Stores : NoSQL databases come in various types, including document stores (e.g., MongoDB) and key-value stores (e.g., Redis).

Pros

• Supports flexible and dynamic schemas, allowing easy data modifications.

• Scales horizontally across multiple servers, improving performance and availability.

• Handles large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data efficiently.

Cons

• Lacks the strict consistency guarantees of SQL databases, leading to potential trade-offs (e.g., eventual consistency).

• Querying can be less intuitive compared to SQL, often requiring specialized APIs.

• Not always suitable for applications that require complex relationships and transactions.

Example

A developer stores and retrieves user data in MongoDB, a NoSQL document database:

{
  "id": 1,
  "name": "Alice",
  "email": "alice@example.com",
  "preferences": {
    "theme": "dark",
    "notifications": true
  }
}